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The purpose of this standard is to provide an unambiguous and well-defined method of representing dates and times, so as to avoid misinterpretation of numeric representations of dates and times, particularly when data is transferred between countries with different conventions for writing numeric dates and times.
The standard organizes the data so the largest temporal term (the year) appears first in the data string and progresses to the smallest term (the second)
It also provides for a standardized method of communicating time-based information across time zones by attaching an offset to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
The first edition of the ISO 8601 standard was published in 1988
It unified and replaced a number of older ISO standards on various aspects of date and time notation: ISO 2014, ISO 2015, ISO 2711, ISO 3307, and ISO 4031.
It has been superseded by a second edition in 2000 and by the current third edition published on 3 December 2004.
ISO 2014 was the standard that originally introduced the big-endian all-numeric date notation
The ISO week numbering system was introduced in ISO 2015, and the identification of days by ordinal dates was originally defined in ISO 2711.
It is maintained by ISO Technical Committee TC 154.
Date and time values are organized from the most to the least significant: year, month (or week), day, hour, minute, second, and fraction of second
The lexicographical order of the representation thus corresponds to chronological order, except for date representations involving negative years.
Each date and time value has a fixed number of digits that must be padded with leading zeros.
Representations can be done in one of two formats—a basic format with a minimal number of separators or an extended format with separators added to enhance human readability.
The separator used between date values (year, month, week, and day) is the hyphen, while the colon is used as the separator between time values (hours, minutes, and seconds)
For example, the 6th day of the 1st month of the year 2009 may be written as "2009-01-06" in the extended format or simply as "20090106" in the basic format without ambiguity
The extended formats are preferred over the basic formats not only for human readability, but because some basic formats can appear to be ambiguous to those unfamiliar with the standard.
For reduced accuracy, any number of values may be dropped from any of the date and time representations, but in the order from the least to the most significant
For example, "2004-05" is a valid ISO 8601 date, which indicates May (the fifth month) 2004
This format will never represent the 5th day of an unspecified month in 2004, nor will it represent a time-span extending from 2004 into 2005.
When higher precision is needed, the standard supports the addition of a decimal fraction to the smallest time value in the representation.
