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The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved
The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank
However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theater owners
After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909
Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail.
The U.S. was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the U.S. House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.
Poster titled "VICTORY! CONGRESS PASSES DAYLIGHT SAVING BILL" showing Uncle Sam turning a clock to daylight saving time as a clock-headed figure throws his hat in the air
The clock face of the figure reads "ONE HOUR OF EXTRA DAYLIGHT"
The bottom caption says "Get Your Hoe Ready!"
Retailers generally favor DST
United Cigar Stores hailed a 1918 DST bill.
After Germany led the way with starting DST (ger.: Sommerzeit) during the World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries e.g
the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916.
U.S. retailing and manufacturing interests led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland soon began lobbying for DST, but were opposed by railroads
The U.S.'s 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918.
The war's end swung the pendulum back
Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war
Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings.
The U.S. was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919
President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden.